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Appendix

Introduction

  1. Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2024). Available at: .
  2. Kendi I (2019) How to be an antiracist. Bodley Head.
  3. Campbell-Stephens R M (2021) Educational Leadership and the Global Majority. Palgrave Macmillan.

The statistical case for going further

  1. NHS England (2024) NHS Workforce Race Equality Standard. Available at: .
  2. NHS England (2020) 2019 WRES data analysis report for eleven arm's length bodies. Available at: . & Spencer Private Hospitals (2020) WRES Report 2019-20. Available at: . & Nuffield Health (2023) Workforce Race Equality Standard (WRES). Available at: .
  3. NHS Education for Scotland (2023) Equality Monitoring Report 2022/23. Available at: .
  4. Welsh Government (2022) Anti-racist Wales Action Plan. Available at: .
  5. Health and Social Care Northern Ireland (2023) Equality Action Plan. Available at: .
  6. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2023) The NMC register. Available at: . & NMC (2019) Equality, diversity and inclusion at the NMC. Available at: .
  7. NHS Staff Surveys (2024) Results. Available at: .
  8. NHS England (2024) 'WRES indicator 9' and 'WRES indicator 3', NHS Workforce Race Equality Standard. Available at: .
  9. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2022) Ambitious for change phase two summary: Research into NMC processes and people's diversity characteristics. Available at: . & ÃÛÌÒÖ±²¥ (2021) Employment Survey 2021. Available at: /Professional-Development/publications/employment-survey-2021-uk-pub-010-075.
  10. NHS England (2024) 'WRES indicator 1' and 'WRES indicator 9', NHS Workforce Race Equality Standard. Available at: .
  11. NHS Education for Scotland (2023) 'Workforce composition', Equality Monitoring Report 2022/23. Available at: .
  12. NHS Confederation (2024) Action for equality in Wales and Northern Ireland. Available at: .

The legislative and policy-based case for going further

  1. Equality Act 2010, Section 4. Available at: . & The Race Relations (Northern Ireland) Order 1997. Available at: .
  2. States of Guernsey (2022) Prevention of Discrimination (Guernsey) Ordinance 2022. Available at: . & Jersey Government (2013) Discrimination (Jersey) Law 2013. Available at: . & Isle of Man Government (2017) Equality Act 2017. Available at: .
  3. Equality and Human Rights Commission (2022) Our litigation and enforcement policy. Available at: .
  4. NHS England (2024b) Equality, diversity and health inequalities. Available at: .
  5. NHS Scotland (2024) NHSScotland 'Once for Scotland' workforce policies. Available at: .
  6. Welsh Government (2022) Anti-racist Wales Action Plan. Available at: .
  7. Public Health Wales (2024) Strategic Equality Plan 2024-2028. Available at: .
  8. Equality Act Regulation 5 and Regulation 8 (2011) Statutory Duties (Wales). Available at: .
  9. GOV.UK (1998) Northern Ireland Equality Act, Section 75. Available at: .
  10. ÃÛÌÒÖ±²¥ (2023) Council's report to members on Congress 2023. Available at: /Professional-Development/publications/councils-report-to-members-on-congress-2023-011-273.

The patient-driven case for going further

  1. Raleigh V (2023) The Health of People from Ethnic Minority Groups in England, The King's Fund, 17 May. Available at: . & House of Commons (2023) Black maternal health: Third Report of Session 2022-23. Available at: .
  2. House of Commons Women and Equalities Committee (2023) Black maternal health: Third Report of Session 2022-23, p. 6. Available at: .
  3. Department of Health & Social Care (2023) Maternity and neonatal care: How are we improving services? Gov.UK, 31 July. Available at: . & NHS (2019) NHS Long Term Plan, p.8. Available at: .
  4. Edmondson A C (2018) The Fearless Organisation: Creating Psychological Safety in the Workplace for Learning, Innovation and Growth. Wiley. & Hewlett S, Marshall M, and Sherbin L (2013) How Diversity Can Drive Innovation, Harvard Business Review, December. Available at: . & Nathan M and Lee N (2013) Cultural Diversity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship: Firm-level Evidence from London. Economic Geography, 89(4), pp. 367-394.
  5. Rock D and Grant H (2016) Why Diverse Teams Are Smarter, Harvard Business Review, November 4. Available at: . & Phillips K W et al. (2008) Is the Pain Worth the Gain? The Advantages and Liabilities of Agreeing With Socially Distinct Newcomers, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35(3), p.p. 336-350.
  6. NHS England (2018) Links between NHS staff experience and patient satisfaction. & Bailey S and West M (2022) What is compassionate leadership?, The King's Fund, February 15. Available at: . & Cheraghi M et al. (2021) Creativity in Nursing Care: A Concept Analysis, Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 29(3), pp.389-396.
  7. Francis R (2013) Report of the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Public Inquiry (HC 947). Available at: . & Kirkup B (2018) Report of the Liverpool Community Health Independent Review. NHS Improvement. Available at: .
  8. Stoewen D L (2020) Moving from compassion fatigue to compassion resilience Part 4: Signs and consequences of compassion fatigue. Available at: .

The ethical case for going further

  1. Soutar G et al (1994) The Impact of the Work Environment on Ethical Decision Making. Journal of Business Ethics, 13(5), pp.327-339.
  2. Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues (2016) in Hoskins K, Grady C, and Ulrich C M (2018) Ethics Education in Nursing: Instruction for Future Generations of Nurses, Online Journal of Issues in Nursing 23(1). Available at: .
  3. Nursing & Midwifery Council (2018) The Code. Available at: .
  4. Mello M (2023) Anti-racism in nursing practice - our professional duty to act, The Queen's Nursing Institute, July 27. Available at: .

The economic case for going further

  1. Kline and Lewis (2019) The price of fear: Estimating the financial cost of bullying and harassment to the NHS in England, Public Money & Management, 39(3), p.p. 166-174.
  2. NHS England (2020) Civility & Respect Toolkit. Available at: .
  3. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2023) 2023 NMC Register Leavers Survey. Available at: .
  4. The King's Fund (2023) International recruitment in the NHS. Available at: . & Foster A (2023) Overseas doctors will remain 'crucial' despite recruitment drive - regulator, BBC News, 12 November. Available at: .
  5. NHS Shared Business Services. (2022). Improving Staff retention with Workforce Analytics. Available at: .
  6. Modern Society Initiative and Healthcare Workers Foundation (2021) in Rayment L (2021) NHS staff exodus to cost government £21.7 billion, Charity Today, March 30. Available at: .
  7. ÃÛÌÒÖ±²¥ (2023) Valuing Nursing in the UK. Available at: /Professional-Development/publications/valuing-nursing-in-the-uk-uk-pub-010-695.
  8. Wallace L (2023) Hidden costs of Employee Attrition, Forbes, March 21. Available at: .
  9. Hunt V et al. (2015) Why diversity matters, McKinsey, January 1. Available at: .
  10. Gomez L and Bernet P (2019) Diversity improves performance and outcomes, National Medical Association 111(4). doi:10.1016/j.jnma.2019.01.006.
  11. Naqvi H et al (2022) Workforce and workplace racism in health systems: organisations are diverse but not inclusive, The Lancet, 400(10368). doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02395-9.
  12. NHS England (2017) Improving through inclusion. Available at: .

The values-based case for going further

  1. NHS Improvement (2009) The Value of Values.
  2. NHS England (2023) 'NHS Values', The NHS Constitution. Available at: . & NHS Scotland (no date) Principles and values. Available at: . NHS Wales (no date) Values and Standards of Behaviour Framework. Available at: . & Health & Social Care in Northern Ireland (no date) Health & Social Care Values. Available at: .
  3. NHS Commissioning Board (2012) Compassion in Practice. Available at: .
  4. Nursing & Midwifery Council (2022) Combating Racial discrimination against ethnic minority nurses, midwives, and nursing associates. Available at: .
  5. ÃÛÌÒÖ±²¥ (2017) RCN Group Value Statement. Available at: /Professional-Development/PDFs/rcn-group-values-statement.
  6. HCA Healthcare UK (2018) Code of Conduct. Available at: . & Nuffield Health (no date) Our Values. Available at: .
  7. NHS England (2023) The NHS Constitution. Available at: .
  8. NHS Blood and Transplant (2017) Values Based Interview Questions (including Diversity). Available at: .
  9. RCN Magazine (2023), Race discrimination: Imagine a world without it. Available at: /magazines/Action/2023/Oct/Michelle-Cox-Imagine-a-world-without-race-discrimination.

Unconscious bias

  1. Frith U (2015) Unconscious bias, The Royal Society. Available at: .
  2. Barragan A et al. (2019) The Irony of Choice in Recruitment, M@n@gment, 22(3), pp. 466-486. doi: 10.3917/mana.223.0466.

Microaggressions

  1. Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2024). Available at: .
  2. Sue D W et al (2019) Disarming Racial Microaggressions: Microintervention Strategies for Targets, White Allies, and Bystanders, American Psychologist, 74(1), pp. 128-142.
  3. Sue D W et al (2007) Racial Microaggressions in Everyday Life: Implications for Clinical Practice, American Psychologist, 62(4), pp. 271-86.
  4. Bravely (2021) Intent vs. Impact: Closing the gap, Bravely, January 23. Available at: .
  5. Imperial College Healthcare (2023a) Toolkit: Challenging microaggressions. Available at: .
  6. Baryeh K and Rasool L (2023) Where are you really from? Racial microaggressions and how to be an ally or active bystander, British Journal of Hospital Medicine, 84(8). doi: 10.12968/hmed.2023.0259.

Psychological safety

  1. Gallo, A (2023) What Is Psychological Safety? Harvard Business Review. Available at: .

Allyship

  1. Imperial College Healthcare (2023b) Toolkit: Being an Ally. Available at: .
  2. Wallach M A, Kogan N, and Bem D J (1964) Diffusion of responsibility and level of risk taking in groups, The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 68(3), 263-274.

Have honest conversations

  1. Singleton G E (2014) Courageous Conversations About Race: A field guide for achieving equity in schools. Corwin. & Sue D W (2016) Race Talk and the Conspiracy of Silence: Understanding and facilitating difficult dialogues on race. Wiley.

Celebrate diversity

  1. PWC and The Diversity Project (2018) Diversity is the solution, not a problem to solve. Available at: . & Bourke J (2016) Which Two Heads Are Better Than One? Australian Institute of Company Directors.

  1. Equality Act 2010, Section 4. Available at: . & The Race Relations (Northern Ireland) Order 1997. Available at: www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1997/869. & States of Guernsey (2022) Prevention of Discrimination (Guernsey) Ordinance 2022. Available at: www.guernseylegalresources.gg/ordinances/guernsey-bailiwick/d/discrimination/prevention-of-discrimination-guernsey-ordinance-2022/. & Jersey Government (2013) Discrimination (Jersey) Law 2013. Available at: www.jerseylaw.je/laws/current/Pages/15.260.aspx. & Isle of Man Government (2017) Equality Act 2017. Available at: www.gov.im/categories/working-in-the-isle-of-man/employment-rights/equality-act-2017/.
  2. Nursing & Midwifery Council (2018) The Code. Available at: .
  3. Advisory, Conciliation, and Arbitration Service (2022) Questions about discrimination at work: Asking your employer. Available at: .
  4. ÃÛÌÒÖ±²¥ (no date) Grievance. Available at: /get-help/rcn-advice/grievance.
  5. NHS England (no date) Speaking up to NHS England. Available at: .

  1. NHS Race and Health Observatory (2021) survey. Available at: .
  2. Campbell-Stephens R M (2021) Educational Leadership and the Global Majority. Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: .
  3. GOV.UK (March 2023) International Women's Day 2023: Equity vs. Equality. Available at: .
  4. NHS (2024) Workforce Race Equality Standard. Available at: .
  5. NHS (2022) Combatting racial discrimination against minority ethnic nurses, midwives and nursing associates resource. Available at: .
  6. United Nations (2023) Outreach Programme on the Transatlantic Slave Trade and Slavery. Available at: .
  7. GOV.UK (2021) Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities: The Report. Available at: .
  8. United Nations (2021) Press release: UN Experts Condemn UK Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities Report. Available at: .
  9. Mind (2024) Racism and mental health. Available at: .
  10. The Stephen Lawrence Inquiry: Report of an Inquiry by Sir William MacPherson of Cluny (1999) Available at: .
  11. University of Leeds (2024) What is racial harassment and racial microaggressions? Available at: .
  12. Nursing & Midwifery Council (2018) The Code. Available at: .
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